Uživanje industrijsko nastalih trans-maščobnih kislin (TMK) je dobro prepozna javno zdravstveni faktor za povečanje tveganja za nastanek srčno žilnih bolezni. Priporočen odmerek TMK je čim manj kot je mogoče v sklopu uravnotežene prehrane. Različne države so uvedle raznolike ukrepe za zmanjšanje izpostavljenosti prebivalstva TMK. Prehodni podatki so pokazali, da se je vsebnost TMK občutno zmanjšala v zahodnoevropskih državah, medtem ko v mnogih srednjeevropskih državah, vključno s Slovenijo, temu ni bilo tako. V odsotnosti zakonodajnih predpisov so v Sloveniji od leta 2015 uvedli številne kampanje osveščanja s skupnim ciljem zmanjšanja uporabe delno hidrogeniranih olj (DHO), ki veljajo za glavni vir TMK. Da bi ugotovili, ali je bil dosežen ta cilj, smo opravili oceno izpostavljenosti prebivalstva predpakiranih živil iz oznak na živil, z uporabo posebej razvite aplikacije za pametne telefone. Poleg tega so bile identificirane kategorije z najpogostejšo uporabo DHO. Za vsako posamezno kategorijo živil se je določil delež izdelkov, ki vsebujejo DHO in ki se je uravnal s podatki o tržnem deležu. Rezultati so pokazali, da so v letu 2015 z največjim deležem deklarirane vsebnosti DHO naslednje kategorije rastlinski nadomestki smetane, juhe in piškoti. Leta 2017 se je delež izdelkov z DHO občutno znižal s30 na 4%, v juhah se je zmanjšal z 21 na 5 %, v keksih s 17 na 8% in v čipsih in prigrizkih od 10 do 4%. Vendar pa je vsebnost DHO ostala opazna med pecivi, kolački, pekovskim pecivom in piškoti. Lahko sklepamo, da so prostovoljne smernice in redno obveščanje javnosti o tveganjih z uporabo TMK pomembno vplivali na oskrbo s hrano, vendar ni povzročilo zadostnega znižanja DHO iz živil.
COBISS.SI-ID: 39436549
Trans fatty acid (TFA) content in foods is not regulated in most European countries. Fatty acid (FA) composition, total TFA levels, and TFA isomers were determined for 43 margarines available on the Slovenian market and 33 samples of shortenings used by food manufacturers. In most margarines, the TFA content (as a percentage of total FA) was low (0.1–0.8%), although two different margarines contained 3.1% and 6.4% TFA, respectively. In shortenings, a wider variation in TFA content (from 0.1% to 11.2%) was observed. In samples with high total TFA, trans-C18:1 was present in higher quantities than trans-C18:2 and trans-C18:3. In almost all samples, the predominant TFA isomers were elaidic acid (t9-C18:1) and t10-C18:1, followed by t11-C18:1 and (t6-t8)-C18:1. Isomers t12-C18:1 and (t13-t14)-C18:1 were also detected. Among trans-C18:2 isomers the t/c-C18:2 predominated over c/t-C18:2 and t/t-C18:2. Above 2% TFA was only found in samples labelled to contain partially hydrogenated fats. Results show a high variability in the FA composition of hard vegetable fats in the food supply, and indicate that more efficient regulation and control on the market are needed to minimize the exposure of the population to TFAs.
COBISS.SI-ID: 4940152
Health-related claims on food products influence consumers and their food preferences. None of the European countries have restricted the use of health claims to foods of high nutritional quality despite the regulatory background provided by the European Union in 2006. We evaluated the nutritional quality of foods labelled with claims available in the Slovenian market using two nutrient profile models—Food Standards Australia New Zealand (FSANZ) and European World Health Organization Regional office for Europe model (WHOE)—and compared the results to the nutritional quality of all available foods. Data for prepacked foods in the Slovenian food supply were collected in 2015 on a representative sample (n = 6619) and supplemented with 12-month product sales data for more accurate assessments of the food supply. A considerable proportion of foods labelled with any type of health-related claim was found to have poor nutritional quality. About 68% of the foods labelled with health-related claims passed FSANZ criterion (75% when considering sales data) and 33% passed the WHOE model (56% when considering sales data). Our results highlight the need for stricter regulations for the use of health-related claims and to build upon available nutrient profiling knowledge to improve nutrition quality of foods labeled with health-related claims.
COBISS.SI-ID: 39951877
Partially hydrogenated vegetable oils (PHOs) are a major source of industrial trans-fatty acids (iTFAs). Although their intake is identified as a considerable preventable risk for developing cardiovascular disease, these fatty acids are still found in foods in some regions, including in certain European countries. In many cases, voluntary self-regulation of the industry has been shown to be an efficient strategy, while this is not the case in all countries. Various policy options for removing iTFAs from diets are being discussed, together with current global trends and activities regarding this topic, and challenges for the food industry. Food producers should acknowledge that the greatest health-related improvements come when PHOs in foods are replaced with mono and/or polyunsaturated fatty acids, and not fats high in saturated fatty acids – such as tropical vegetable oils.
COBISS.SI-ID: 39860741