The Minamata Convention on Mercury provided a mandate for action against global mercury pollution. However, our knowledge of mercury exposures is limited because there are many regions and subpopulations with little or no data. We aimed to increase worldwide understanding of human exposures to mercury by collecting, collating, and analyzing mercury concentrations in biomarker samples reported in the published scientific literature. A systematic search of the peer-reviewed scientific literature was performed using three databases. A priori search strategy, eligibility criteria, and data extraction steps were used to identify relevant studies. We collected 424,858 mercury biomarker measurements from 335,991 individuals represented in 312 articles from 75 countries. This review suggests that all populations worldwide are exposed to some amount of mercury and that there is great variability in exposures within and across countries and regions. There remain many geographic regions and subpopulations with limited data, thus hindering evidence-based decision making. This type of information is critical in helping understand exposures, particularly in light of certain stipulations in the Minamata Convention on Mercury.
COBISS.SI-ID: 31763495
64 individual biological, chemical, physical, psychological and social environmental stressors or exposure determinants were included to fulfil the requirements of EWAS. The list of available BoEs is extensive with a number of 135; however, 12 of the stressors and exposure determinants considered do not leave any measurable specific substance in accessible body specimens. Opportunities to estimate the internal exposure stressors not (yet) detectable in human specimens were discussed. Data about internal exposures are useful to decode the exposome. The paper provides extensive information for EWAS. Information included serves as a guideline – snapshot in time without any claim to comprehensiveness – to interpret HBM data and offers opportunities to collect information about the internal exposure of stressors if no specific BoE is available.
COBISS.SI-ID: 31320103
Introduction: Fireworks also contribute significantly to the pollution of outdoor air with ultra fine fines (or nanoparticles) (UFP). Due to fireworks, large amounts of UFP are released into the atmosphere, which can be tied to some toxic elements and other toxic chemicals. From the latest epidemiological studies examining evidence of the impact of UFP on health, it is evident that, from the point of view of health effects, exposure during fireworks is an important risk factor. Purpose: The purpose of the paper was to evaluate the potential exposure of the UFP population at a selected location in Ljubljana based on ultra - fine particles measurements in the atmosphere and calculate the inhaled dose of UFP [number of particles per kg body weight per day] during fireworks. Methodology: Measurements included numerical UFP concentrations in eight size classes from 10 nm to 800 nm. The administered doses of UFP were calculated (a) on the basis of monthly average concentrations of UFP in each month from October 2016 to August 2017; (b) on the basis of daily concentrations of the number of UFPs for each day in the period from 28 December 2016 to 4 January 2017 (during this period, New Year's fireworks or large-scale pyrotechnic articles were used) and (c) on the basis of daily concentrations of UFP for each day in the period from 23 June 2017 to 1 January. 7. 2017 (during this period, two fireworks were carried out or pyrotechnic devices used in the large area were used). Results: The number of UFPs was the highest in the winter months; in this period (from October 2016 to March 2017) the measured value of UFP was more than twice as high as in the summer months (April% august 2017). During the whole period, the most constant number of particles was in the N3 size class (20% 30 nm), while the greatest fluctuation in the measured values ??was in the N7 size class (100% 200 nm). During the fireworks on June 27, 2017, the potential exposure of UFP was greater than the UFP exposure in the period before and after the fireworks. The inhaled dose of UFP [number of particles / kg body weight / day] was the highest for age groups from 1 to 2 years, from 2 to 3 years and from 3 to 6 years. Conclusion: The research indicated a link between the higher numerical concentration of UFP in the atmosphere and fireworks in Ljubljana. The inhabitants of the observed area were potentially exposed to a larger number of UFP during the fire.
COBISS.SI-ID: 4187365