Hyperglycemia and abnormal blood glucose levels induce oxidative stress, promote the development of microvascular and macrovascular complications,1 and may increase telomere loss in patients with type 1 diabetes. All studies of adults with type 1 diabetes, except one, report a shorter telomere length associated with age, duration of type 1 diabetes, and higher glycated hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) levels. To expand these data in a pediatric population at the onset of type 1 diabetes by assessing the association between telomere length and age or HbA1c level, we conducted a retrospective longitudinal study evaluating the association of glycemic control and associated cell stress with telomere dynamics during a 7-year follow-up.
COBISS.SI-ID: 5005740
Against a background of a near-universally increasing incidence of childhood type 1 diabetes, recent reports from some countries suggest a slowing in this increase. Occasional reports also describe cyclical variations in incidence, with periodicities of between 4 and 6 years. Age/sex-standardised incidence rates for the 0- to 14-year-old age group are reported for 26 European centres (representing 22 countries) that have registered newly diagnosed individuals in geographically defined regions for up to 25 years during the period 1989-2013. Significant increases in incidence were noted in all but two small centres, with a maximum rate of increase of 6.6% per annum in a Polish centre. Several centres in high-incidence countries showed reducing rates of increase in more recent years. Despite this, a pooled analysis across all centres revealed a 3.4% (95% CI 2.8%, 3.9%) per annum increase in incidence rate, although there was some suggestion of a reduced rate of increase in the 2004-2008 period. Rates of increase were similar in boys and girls in the 0- to 4-year-old age group (3.7% and 3.7% per annum, respectively) and in the 5- to 9-year-old age group (3.4% and 3.7% per annum, respectively), but were higher in boys than girls in the 10- to 14-year-old age group (3.3% and 2.6% per annum, respectively). Significant 4 year periodicity was detected in four centres, with three centres showing that the most recent peak in fitted rates occurred in 2012. Despite reductions in the rate of increase in some high-risk countries, the pooled estimate across centres continues to show a 3.4% increase per annum in incidence rate, suggesting a doubling in incidence rate within approximately 20 years in Europe. Although four centres showed support for a cyclical pattern of incidence with a 4 year periodicity, no plausible explanation for this can be given.
COBISS.SI-ID: 5451436
Studies report that cognitive abilities of people with type 1 diabetes compared with peers are impaired in certain areas, especially working memory. The aim of the research was to study the influence of of acute hyperglycaemia on visual and spatial memory in adolescents with type 1 diabetes.The results showed that during acute hyperglycaemia, the capacity of visual-spatial memory is significantly reduced in adolescents with type 1 diabetes.
COBISS.SI-ID: 5638828