This review summarizes the recent epidemiological changes, virulence factors and clinical aspects of C. difficile which is now considered one of the most important causes of health care-associated infections.
COBISS.SI-ID: 652319
Clostridium difficile was isolated from 247/485 (50.9%) piglet fecal samples, from 4/42 (9.5%) calf fecal samples, and 1/20 (5%) horse fecal samples. Piglet isolates belonged to two toxinotypes (V and 0), four PCR-ribotypes (066, 029, SI 011, SI 010), and six pulsotypes. Bovine isolates were grouped into two toxinotypes (XIa and 0), three PCR-ribotypes (014/020, 002, 033), and three pulsotypes. The only equine isolate was indistinguishable from one calf isolate (XIa/033) in toxinotype, PCR-ribotype, and pulsotype. None of detected genotypes was present in all three animal hosts.
COBISS.SI-ID: 3096186
This publication is an invited comment, that describes current views on C. difficile in animals and in food and views on methods for study the transmission from mentioned reservoirs to humans.
COBISS.SI-ID: 512091960
The study describes a novel TMrtPCR for the direct detection of C. difficile in animal faecal samples. TMrtPCR targets the genes for toxins A and B, and binary toxin; detection of the latter is becoming more important due to its potential clinical significance and association with CA-CDI. TMrtPCR could be the preferred screening method, because of its advantages: it is faster and it provides the first information about the toxin type. Because of possible false negative TMrtPCR results, enrichment culture should be performed for the specimens with negative or inconclusive rtPCR results as a second step for C. difficile detection in animal samples.
COBISS.SI-ID: 3394682
Results of this study showed that many other ribotypes (014/020, 002, 029) in addition to 078 are shared between humans and animals. Most prevalent types in humans have the ability to survive in the environment. The genetic relatedness observed with PFGE suggests that transmission of given genotype between different reservoirs is likely to occur.
COBISS.SI-ID: 3521658