Different broadspectrum externa pathogen and non-pathogen effects from environment or used in controlling bee pests could have drastic eff ects on bee colonies. Sublethal eff ects can lead to physiological modifi cations and changes in bee behavior and cellular physiology consistent with chemically induced stress responses. Research focuses on damage that can be repaired, cells that remain viable after intermediate level of damage, and cells that undergo apoptosis or necrosis after a high level of damage primarily to brain and gut. Cellular biomarkers have been developed to evaluate chronic exposure of bees to pesticides to understand the eff ects of synergistic action of xenobiotics in the environment and to separate the eff ects of pathogens and pesticides. These studies can bring substantial benefi ts to ag ro- ecosystems.
D.11 Other
COBISS.SI-ID: 3726184Nosema and virus infections have supposedly increased colony mortality worldwide. We focused on the quality of the honeybee diet, winter survival and the influence of Nosema infections or viruses in colonies. Queens in the colonies were individually infected with spores of Nosema ceranae. N.apis/ceranae spores and viruses were diagnosed. The newly-emerged workers were individually inoculated with N. ceranae spores. Midguts were prepared for immunohistological analyses and the level of cell death was estimated.
B.03 Paper at an international scientific conference
COBISS.SI-ID: 3401576Honeybee queens were examined in queen breeding stations across Slovenia during the rearing seasons 2006 and 2008. In both years, 612 queens from 27 apiaries were sampled. Queens were weighed, dissected and prepared for morphological measurements and pathogen analyses (Nosema spores and viruses). The attendants were also checked for spores, and Nosema spores were determined by PCR. In 2006, queens were ABPV, DWV and SBV positive. In 2008, DWV and BQCV were most frequently present in queens and attendants. Results of molecular tests found N. ceranae. Queens from 2006 were all virus negative.
B.03 Paper at an international scientific conference
COBISS.SI-ID: 3401832