The main aim of the thesis was to study the effects of different abiotic and biotic parametres on mineral nutrition of grapevines. In Čerteže and Dobrave we collected soil samples and samples of roots, leaves and clusters in June. Soil pH is slightly basic, concentration of mineral nutrients in soil is higher than expected and the amount of organic matter is higher in rows of grapevine with grass than in the ones withouth grass. Density of arbusculs of arbuscular mcyorrhizal fungi differs between both locations and between rows of grapevine with grass than in the ones withouth grass. Concentrations of mineral nutrients in roots are smaller than the ones in soil. In Čerteže vine leaves there is more chlorophylls and sugars than in Dobrave and total concentration of phenols is getting smaller through the season. Concentrations of phosphorus and potassium in leaves are increasing through the season and in August and September there are higher in Čerteže. Concentrations of sulphur, manganese, iron and zinc in leaves are falling through the season and the concentrations of copper are the least in June, increasing in August and again falling in September. Total concentrations of mineral nutrients in clusters are fundamentally falling through the season and total concentrations of mineral nutrients in clusters juice are fundamentally increasing through the season. Transfer factors between soil and roots are lower than 1 and the transfer factors between roots and leaves are higher than 1, except for copper, iron and zinc the transfer factor is lower than 1. The translocation factors between leaves and clusters are falling through the season and are are lower than 1. Relation between concentrations of mineral nutrients in clusters and clusters juice is increasing through the season and is lower than 1. The results confirm that absorption of minerals in vines is determined by mineral structure of soil, pH, amount of organic matter and colonization with arbuscular fungi. Specific mineral structure was found in different grapevine organs and this mineral structure is changing during season.
F.01 Acquisition of new practical knowledge, information and skills
COBISS.SI-ID: 2446159There is a growing interest in metal hyperaccumulating plants due to their unique metal accumulation properties and their applicability in green technologies for cleaning up contaminated soils. Up to 15000 mg/kg Zn and 6000 mg/kg Cd may be accumulated in Thlaspi praecox. Besides distinct physiological and biochemical predisposition for metal uptake, root-to-shoot transport, and shoot metal sequestration, metal accumulation also depends on physico-chemical properties of metal under consideration and its bioavailability, which is ultimately linked to soil properties (pH, organic matter, cationic exchange capacity). In plants, metals are transported complexed to particular organic ligands, but may as well react with structural biomolecules on their pathway with the transpiration stream. Metal immobilization away from metabolically active sites within plant tissues represents a major step of metal detoxification and homeostasis. To date, the mechanisms of metal complexation with different plant (sub-)structures and their contribution to metal tolerance are particularly poorly understood, primarily due to the lack of information on spatio-temporal metal accumulation patterns in relation to profiling of possible macromolecular ligands within plant tissues and correlative structural and morphological characterization of plant tissues, as they can only be obtained having access to the reliable in situ profiling techniques. Correlative research using Fourier-transform infrared (FTIR) and low-energy X-ray fluorescence (LEXRF) subcellular analysis at the Elettra synchrotron radiation facility was used to connect distinct macromolecular composition (e.g. carbohydrates, proteins, lipids) of plant tissues with high metal concentrations and shed some light on the contribution of possible specific molecular ligands as well as the contribution of plant structural carbohydrate components to metal fixation, detoxification and distribution.
B.03 Paper at an international scientific conference
COBISS.SI-ID: 29498585Carbohydrate metabolism in plants is known to change when plants are subjected to Cd stress. These changes are caused by interference in transport of C3 sugars from chloroplasts leading to accumulation of starch and results in a decrease in plant biomass. However these changes are poorly understood in hyperaccumulators. In our preliminary study on Thlaspi caerulescens, a model Zn/Cd hyperaccumulator, an increase in starch accumulation in shoots was seen when plants were grown in increasing Cd concentrations in hydroponics. The results obtained suggest common mechanisms activate in response to Cd, but in this hyperaccumulator the triggering Cd concentration is much higher. The results were presented at 11th International Conference on the Biogeochemistry of Trace Element (ICOBTE 2011) in section “Metallophytes: Ecophysiology, molecular biology and environmental applications« with international participation of leading scientists from this field.
B.03 Paper at an international scientific conference
COBISS.SI-ID: 28848089