The essential role of the Crem gene in normal sperm development is widely accepted and is confirmed by azoospermia in male mice lacking the Crem gene. The exact number of genes affected by Crem absence is not known, however a large difference has been observed recently between the estimated number of differentially expressed genes found in Crem knock-out (KO) mice compared to the number of gene loci bound by CREM. We therefore re-examined global gene expression in male mice lacking the Crem gene using whole genome transcriptomeanalysis with Affymetrix microarrays and compared the lists of differentially expressed genes from Crem-/- mice to a dataset of genes where binding of CREM was determined by Chip-seq. We determined the global effect ofCREM on spermatogenesis as well as distinguished between primary and secondary effects of the CREM absence. We demonstrated that the absence of Crem deregulates over 4700 genes in KO testis. Among them are 101 genes associated with spermatogenesis 41 of which are bound by CREM and are deregulated in Crem KO testis. Absence of several of these genes in mouse models has proven their importance for normal spermatogenesis and male fertility. Our study showed that the absence of Crem plays a more important role on different aspects of spermatogenesis as estimated previously, with itsimpact ranging from apoptosis induction to deregulation of major circadian clock genes, steroidogenesis and the cell-cell junction dynamics. Several new genes important for normal spermatogenesis and fertility are down-regulated inKO testis and are therefore possible novel targets of CREM.
COBISS.SI-ID: 29577689
Original scientific article describes results about female sex behavior and hypothalamic expression of progesterone receptor in SF-1 knockout mice. It was established that sex differences in both, expression of female sex behavior and immunoexpression of progesterone receptor in the hypothalamus must be partially dependent on genes from sex chromosomes as sex specific differences were found also between male and female SF-1 KO mice that are never exposed to sex steroid hormones.
COBISS.SI-ID: 3520890
Electronic Impedance Spectroscopy (EIS) is well known method for measurements of bio-chemical interactions and properties of the bio-chemical sensors under different conditions. Such measurements are very useful for many different applications like environmental monitoring, bio-medical applications, in vitro sensing of the brain neural networks, etc. Because of that it make sense to design and build a measurement platform based on integrated circuit electronics implemented in a short channel CMOS technology. For such measurements there are numerous instruments available, however only for measurements of one sensors impedance. If more sensor responses must be measured at the same time and in real time, to preserve spatial and temporal resolution, no instrument exists. In this article we present a measurement system that is possible to integrate and which can perform precise measurements of complex impedances on the array of sensors in real time.
COBISS.SI-ID: 9322068