The presentation summarized the results of various studies in Norway spruce forests, focusing on the natural processes of disturbance in Central Europe. Studies confirm that natural disturbances such as wind throw and bark beetle calamities occur naturally in high mountain Norway spruce forests. It is therefore necessary to incorporate similar processes in the management of these forest.
B.03 Paper at an international scientific conference
COBISS.SI-ID: 3142310Planting is the most established and common way of regeneration of oak stands in forestry practices. Problems with planting are high costs, a lot of tendingis needed, high losses are frequent and the final quality may be poor. In this project efficiency of planting in 12 and 11-year-old pole stands have been analysed. Those have been compared with the same age pole stands, which were regenerated naturally. According to the results, the losses did not depend on different year of planting, but they were more likely caused by the site and its specific conditions. Expansion and proliferation of false acacia and clearcuts affected plantation success negatively. Clearcutting caused swamping and overgrowing of the site with weed. Losses of plants from 1998 and 1999 amounted 78 % and 83 %, respectively. Natural regeneration was more successful than planting. Tree density was higher (9 550 trees/ha), with high share of pedunculate oak (75 %) and the quality was better - average hight of branch-clear stem was 4.4 m. Suggestion about the future forestry practice in Slovenia is to introduce new approaches of planting in Slovenia, e.g. partial-surface (cluster) planting. This concept offers costs reduction and a better success. On vulnerable pedunculate oak forest sites it would be better to cut trees progressively than using clearcutting.
D.10 Educational activities
COBISS.SI-ID: 3247270In 2009 was carried out the second measurement on research plots inside young beech forests on plateau Mežakla, which were designed and first measured in 2005. Three types of thinning treatments were used. First treatment which was used was a conventional selective thinning with normal intensity of cutting (Treatment 60), second treatment had a 50% lower density of crop trees, but with normal thinning intensity (Treatment 30), and the third treatment had 75%lower density of crop trees and strong thinning intensity (Treatment 15). For all crop trees were determined tree species, measured the diameter, height, length of trunk without branches, were counted the branches at first 4m of a trunk and defined asymmetry of crown and its place to grow. After fourvegetation seasons only minor differences between treatments were significant, but it should be noted that the results are preliminary. Method 15 has proved to be favourable if we want to increase the diameter of the trunk, the volume of the canopy and provide a better stability of crop trees. Treatment 30 has proven best for improving length of the trunk without knots and the number of thin branches on the first 4 m of trunk. If we want a bettercleaning of thick branches or more growing space for crop trees we will decide for Treatment 60. However, if the stands are left to natural development, this will positively influence the height growth and decrease thenumber of thin branches. Treatment 15 with high thinning intensity also postpones next interventions to the future. With Treatment 30 we can reduce the ratio of h/d and increase the crown, which is in the area with frequent natural disturbances very important. The Treatment 60, which represents the classical selective thinning and is in current practice most often applied, produces good results and does not require substantially more work load than those required by other methods of thinning which were tested.
D.10 Educational activities
COBISS.SI-ID: 3173798