The quality of air is essentially affected by the quantity and type of air pollutants exhausts, which react among themselves and form new pollutants which affect the health of people, biotic diversity, buildings, crops and forests. First international documents, by which countries were committed to reduce exhausts of individual air pollutants, are protocols in the framework of the Convention on air pollution over borders at great distances. One of them, Goeteborg Protocol, determined for the year 2010 target emissions, which for Slovenia amounted to 27 kt for SO2, 45 kt for NOx, 40 kt for NMVOC and 20 kt for NH3. Within EU, the same goals for Slovenia were determined by the directive on national top limits of pollutants emissions (NEC directive) from 2001. In 2012, a revised Goeteborg Protocol was accepted, which contains targets for 2020. Slovenia has to reduce SO2 emissions for 63 %, NOx for 39 %, NMVOC for 23 %, NH3 for 1 % and PM 2.5 for 25 % regarding the year 2005. A revision of the NEC directive has also been prepared. In the past, emissions of all pollutants reduced, the most SO2 emissions, their main source is the production of electricity and heat, followed by NMVOC emissions, where the sources are the use of solvents and other products as well as combustion of fuels in other use. NH3 emissions were reduced the least, the main source of which is agriculture, and NOx emissions, the main source of which is transport. In the year 2010 all emissions were lower than the target ones. Projections of emissions show, that emissions of air pollutants will be reduced when carrying out numerous measures of the proposal of the National Energy Programme and technological measures for the reduction of air pollutants emissions also in the future, namely the most NOx emissions, followed by SO2, PM 2.5, NMVOC and NH3 emissions. The emissions reduction of all air pollutants by projections is sufficient for achieving goals of 2020. Air pollutants, regarding the influence they have on the environment, combine into predecessors of ozone, which contribute to arising of ground ozone, materials which cause acidification, and solid or dust particles. NOx is the only pollutant, which appears in all groups of materials and has besides that also a great share in them.
B.04 Guest lecture
COBISS.SI-ID: 26581287The target of the project »Model calculation of energy consumption and fuels in households in Slovenia for the year 2011« is modelling of energy use in households by different goals of use (heating, preparation of hot water, cooking and other use of electricity), which enables an estimation of use of the above mentioned renewable resources of energy. Model of energy use in households is a part of the model „Referential energy ecological system of Slovenia (REES-SLO2)”, which was developped within MESAP in the form of linear network model of processes and connections (referential energy system). Tools, models and methodology have been checked in a series of previous studies and were used as a basis for numerous strategic documents in the field of energy development and reduction of greenhouse gases and air pollutants emissions reduction. Model is calibrated on statistic data and so connected with an indicator system of statistic indicators and indicators of the developped for monitoring of policies in EU and in Slovenia. It enables comparisons according to methodologies of SURS, EUROSTAT/OECD, EEA and UNFCCC. Model is implemented, used and regularly upgraded by the Center of Energy Efficiency of the Jožef Stefan Institute. The report at first presents in short a model of energy use in households, followed by a presentation of used model assumptions, at the end also the model results themselves are presented.
F.30 Professional assessment of the situation
COBISS.SI-ID: 26188327