Increasing number of studies show a variety of positive effects of consumption of probiotics during pregnancy and breastfeeding on mother and also on new-born. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of oral administration of probiotics Lactobacillus gasseri K7 (LK7) and Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG (LGG) during pregnancy and lactation on microbiota of the mouse mesenteric lymph nodes (MLN), mammary glands (MGs) and milk. Pregnant FVB/N mice were fed skimmed milk or skimmed milk-resuspended probiotics LGG or LK7 during gestation and lactation and the effects of probiotics on MLN, MGs and milk microbiota, was evaluated by real-time PCR and by 16S ribosomal DNA 454-pyrosequencing. Live lactic acid bacteria but no LGG or LK7 were detected in the blood, MLN and MGs. Both probiotics significantly increased the total bacterial load in MLN, and a similar trend was also observed in MGs. Both probiotics increased the abundance of Firmicutes in MG, especially the abundance of lactic acid bacteria, and influenced MLN microbiota by decreasing diversity and increasing the distribution of species. Lactobacillus genus appeared exclusively in MGs from probiotic groups. Results provide evidence that probiotics can modulate the bacterial composition of MLN and MG microbiota in ways that could improve health of the MG and ultimately health of the new-born.
COBISS.SI-ID: 3502984
Lignocellulosic substrates are widely available but not easily applied in biogas production due to their poor anaerobic degradation. The effect of bioaugmentation by anaerobic hydrolytic bacteria on biogas production was determined by the biochemical methane potential assay. Microbial biomass from full scale upflow anaerobic sludge blanket reactor treating brewery wastewater was a source of active microorganisms and brewery spent grain a model lignocellulosic substrate. Ruminococcus flavefaciens 007C, Pseudobutyrivibrio xylanivorans Mz5T, Fibrobacter succinogenes S85 and Clostridium cellulovorans as pure and mixed cultures were used to enhance the lignocellulose degradation and elevate the biogas production. P. xylanivorans Mz5T was the most successful in elevating methane production (+17.8%), followed by the coculture of P. xylanivorans Mz5T and F. succinogenes S85 (+6.9%) and the coculture of C. cellulovorans and F. succinogenes S85 (+4.9%). Changes in microbial community structure were detected by fingerprinting techniques.
COBISS.SI-ID: 3534728
Aim of this study was to develop and validate a community supported online infrastructure and bioresource for methane yield data and accompanying metadata collected from published literature. In total, 1164 entries described by 15749 data points were assembled. Analysis of data collection showed litle congruence in reporting of methodological approaches. The largest identifiable source of variation in reported methane yields was represented by authorship (i.e. substrate batches within particular substrate class) within which experimental scales (volumes (0.02 l to 5 l), incubation temperature (34°C to 40°C) and %VS of substrate played an important role (p(0.05, npermutations=999) as well. The largest fraction of variability, however, remained unaccounted for and thus unexplained ()63%). This calls for reconsideration of accepted approaches to reporting data in currently published literature to increase capacity to service industrial decision making to a greater extent.
COBISS.SI-ID: 7022945
Ruminant livestock are important sources of human food and global greenhouse gas emissions. Feed degradation and methane formation by ruminants rely on metabolic interactions between rumen microbes and affect ruminant productivity. Rumen and camelid foregut microbial community composition was determined in 742 samples from 32 animal species and 35 countries, to estimate if this was influenced by diet, host species, or geography. Similar bacteria and archaea dominated in nearly all samples, while protozoal communities were more variable. The dominant bacteria are poorly characterised, but the methanogenic archaea are better known and highly conserved across the world. This universality and limited diversity could make it possible to mitigate methane emissions by developing strategies that target the few dominant methanogens. Differences in microbial community compositions were predominantly attributable to diet, with the host being less influential. There were few strong co-occurrence patterns between microbes, suggesting that major metabolic interactions are non-selective rather than specific.
COBISS.SI-ID: 3636616
The results of metagenomic studies have clearly established that bacteria of the genus Prevotella represent one of the important groups found in the oral cavity and large intestine of man, and they also dominate the rumen. They belong to the Bacteroidetes, a phylum well-known for its polysaccharide degrading potential that stems from the outer membrane-localized enzyme/binding protein complexes encoded in polysaccharide utilization loci (PULs). Dozens of Prevotella species have been described, primarily from the oral cavity, and many of them occur simultaneously at the same sites, but research on their ecological adaptation has been neglected. Therefore, in this study, the repertoires of PULs and carbohydrate acting enzymes (CAZYmes) found in Prevotella genomes were analyzed and it was concluded that the Prevotella species were widely heterogeneous in this respect and displayed several distinct adaptations with regard to the number, source and nature of the substrates apparently preferred for growth.
COBISS.SI-ID: 3638920