A solenoid is an inverse limit of circles. When a solenoid is embedded in three space, its complement is an open three manifold. We discuss the geometry and fundamental groups of such manifolds, and show that the complements of different solenoids (arising from different inverse limits) have different fundamental groups. Embeddings of the same solenoid can give different groups. In particular, the nicest embeddings are unknotted at each level, and give an Abelian fundamental group, while other embeddings have non-Abelian groups. We show using geometry that every solenoid has uncountably many embeddings with nonhomeomorphic complements.
COBISS.SI-ID: 17540697
In this paper we prove a characterization theorem on the existence of one non-zero strong solution for elliptic equations defined on the Sierpi´nski gasket. More generally, the validity of our result can be checked studying elliptic equations defined on self-similar fractal domains whose spectral dimension is small. Our theorem can be viewed as an elliptic version on fractal domains of a recent contribution obtained in a recent work of Ricceri for a two-point boundary value problem.
COBISS.SI-ID: 17334617
In recent years, a great attention has been focused on the study of fractional and nonlocal operators of elliptic type, both for the pure mathematical research and for concrete real-world applications. Fractional and nonlocal operators appear in many fields such as, among the others, optimization, finance, phase transitions, stratified materials, anomalous diffusion, crystal dislocation, soft thin films, semipermeable membranes, flame propagation, conservation laws, ultra-relativistic limits of quantum mechanics, quasi-geostrophic flows, multiple scattering, minimal surfaces, materials science and water waves. This is one of the reason why, recently, nonlocal fractional problems are widely studied in the literature in many different contexts. In this paper we study the existence of infinitely many weak solutions for equations driven by nonlocal integro-differential operators with homogeneous Dirichlet boundary conditions. We consider different superlinear growth assumptions on the nonlinearity, starting from the well-known Ambrosetti-Rabinowitz condition. In this framework we obtain three different results about the existence of infinitely many weak solutions for the problem under consideration, by using the Fountain Theorem. All these theorems extend some classical results for semilinear Laplacian equations to the nonlocal fractional setting.
COBISS.SI-ID: 17328217