With the aim of synthesizing technical systems by using physical laws, an engineering designer proceeds from the fact that a great majority of physical laws includes variables and constants, which implicitly describe the essential geometry needed for their realization. Identification of this complementarity between a physical law and basic scheme, and its application for synthesis of conceptual solutions is major contribution of the research. The method presented in the article is based on the premise that if it is possible to describe a technical system with a physical law or a chain of physical laws, then it should also be possible to set up its basic geometry from a complementary basic scheme or from a chain of complementary basic schemata. The method enables a partially automatic approach to the elementary embodiment process and also provides support for elementary embodiment design. In [COBISS.SI-ID 12446235] it was later indicated that using the above described approach facilitates synthesis of technical systems of higher variety than using classical approach (i.e. function structure and morphological chart).
COBISS.SI-ID: 12179483
Knowledge twisting is defined as a kind of manipulation of Physics P/Structure S/Design D in order to achieve various Function(s) F. This paper presents a method in which prior synthesis of functional structure-with which the functioning of a future product would need to be described neutrally with respect to components-is not required for product concept. Avoiding synthesis of function structure is the main contribution of the method, because the synthesis of function structure is more or less a trial-and-error process. Empirical analysis has shown that the use of our method does not lead to a combinatorial explosion, which is another advantage of the method and contribution of the research. The method is based on the chaining of physical laws and complementary basic schemata. The above mentioned advantages led to development of a prescriptive model for synthesis of concept solutions [COBISS.SI-ID 12179483].
COBISS.SI-ID: 11043099
This paper presents a method that we have developed to evaluate the interactions of various parameters that influence the scanning results with a laser triangulation scanner. Also, the article presents some general conclusions and guidelines for further research and work in this field. This article was the first approach to comprehensively address the interaction of all key parameters that affect the scanning results. Until then, all known methods focused on the impact of individual parameters. Since our publication, the article is regularly referenced in scientific works dealing with various aspects of laser triangulation and scanning. The results are also important for our further work, as we continue the research in the field of 3D measurements and geometric controls.
COBISS.SI-ID: 11254299
Smart cyber-physical systems (S-CPSs) are complex engineered systems empowered by cyber-physical computing and equipped with the capability of reasoning, learning, adapting, and evolving. As an outcome of data-driven dynamic computing, reasoning capabilities, and the run-time obtained own knowledge, nonlinear and emergent behavior of S-CPSs whilst in operation is an open issue, not experienced in the case of conventional technical systems. This paper analyzes the technical issues of run-time operation and emergent behavior of S-CPSs, reviews the current understanding and state of advancement in designing S-CPSs for run-time, explores the paradox, and issues of designing for run- time adaptation, and synthesizes some general principles that can be taken into consideration when addressing the challenges, first of all, in the context of advanced manufacturing systems. This paper introduces four levels of CPSs according to reasoning capabilities and adaptation freedom of systems, and recognizes the paradox that a system with a higher level of freedom requires a higher level of self-control and resource management according to the overall objective of operation. Specific and common design principles are presented and critically assessed for each advancement level of CPSs. The principles synthesized by the authors provide only a partial fulfillment of the generic need. The planned future research addresses these issues and proposes (largely implementation and application...
COBISS.SI-ID: 16080667
Supplier relationships in the automotive industry have changed fundamentally in recent decades owing to trends such as less vertical integration, global sourcing, simultaneous engineering, and the Internet. Suppliers have become much more important in terms of both production and development. The ability to manage engineering changes (EC) efficiently and reliably reflects the capability of the whole supply chain. EC is a modification of a product's component after the product has entered serial production. This paper reviews engineering change management (ECM) and the application of lean methods into the product development process. The conclusions from the literature review are summarised in a model for assessing the maturity level of lean ECM. The model is tested within eight automotive component and system suppliers of different sizes, from 196 up to 77000 employees. The result of the survey is a comprehensive overview of ECM status with automotive suppliers. An important conclusion is that ECM should begin already during product development process. Knowledge management was recognised as a key enabler for reducing the number of ECs.
COBISS.SI-ID: 16014107
This paper presents a new accelerated testing procedure for plastic gears that is based on several different levels of testing. The iterative testing procedure fulfils requests from the product development process. The following criteria are considered for testing: reduced number of tests, shorter test time and reliable results for different applications. The proposed method was applied over the full range on a gear pair made from polyacetal (POM) and polyamide 6 (PA6). Different rotational speeds and torque loads, and therefore different transferred powers, were used for testing. During testing, gear temperature and cycles to failure were monitored. The paper also includes a comparison between the measured and theoretically calculated gear temperatures. A prediction of the life span on the basis of statistical methods is a part of the proposed test procedure. The presented procedure enables testing within acceptable cost and time consumption limits. The testing method can be reproduced and applied to plastic gears from different materials. Testing has shown that polymer gears fail in two typical ways: by fatigue and by sudden melting. The wear fail mode can be avoided by using an appropriate material pair. Fatigue can be measured by life span tests and is predictable. However, the melting of gears, which is a consequence of high gear temperatures, is not easily predictable. In most cases, melting failure mode occurs during the first few hours of gear testing. For reliable and optimal gear design, gear testing cannot be avoided because the tribological interaction between gears is specific for each combination of materials.
COBISS.SI-ID: 13733915
We are increasingly accumulating molecular data about a cell. The challenge is how to integrate them within a unified conceptual and computational framework enabling new discoveries. Hence, we propose a novel, data-driven concept of an integrated cell, iCell. Also, we introduce a computational prototype of an iCell, which integrates three omics, tissue-specific molecular interaction network types. We construct iCells of four cancers and the corresponding tissue controls and identify the most rewired genes in cancer. Many of them are of unknown function and cannot be identified as different in cancer in any specific molecular network. We biologically validate that they have a role in cancer by knockdown experiments followed by cell viability assays. We find additional support through Kaplan-Meier survival curves of thousands of patients. Finally, we extend this analysis to uncover pan-cancer genes. Our methodology is universal and enables integrative comparisons of diverse omics data over cells and tissues.
COBISS.SI-ID: 16484379
In this study, we introduce Slovene web -crawled news corpora with sentiment annotation on three levels of granularity: sentence, paragraph and document levels. We describe the methodology and tools that were required for their construction. The corpora contain more than 250,000 document s with political, business, economic and financial content from five Slovene media resources on the web. More than 10,00 0 of them were manually annotated as negative, neutral or positive. All corpora are publicly available under a Creative Commons copyright license. We used the annotated documents to construct a Slovene sentiment lexicon, which is the first of its kind for Slovene, and to assess the sentiment classification approaches used. The constructed corpora were also utilised to monitor within-the- document sentiment dynamics, its changes over time and relations with news topics. We show that sentiment is, on average, more explicit at the beginning of documents, and it loses sharpness towards the end of documents.
COBISS.SI-ID: 15875867
Recent decades have seen research into the conditions necessary for the formation of the monotonic potential shape in the sheath, appearing at the plasma boundaries like walls, in fluid, and kinetic approximations separately. Although either of these approaches yields a formulation commonly known as the much-acclaimed Bohm criterion (BC), the respective results involve essentially different physical quantities that describe the ion gas behavior. In the fluid approach, such a quantity is clearly identified as the ion directional velocity. In the kinetic approach, the ion behavior is formulated via a quantity (the squared inverse velocity averaged by the ion distribution function) without any clear physical significance, which is, moreover, impractical. In this paper, we explain this difference by deriving a condition called here the Unified Bohm Criterion, which combines an advanced fluid model with an upgraded explicit kinetic formula in a new form of the BC. By introducing a generalized polytropic coefficient function, the unified BC can be interpreted in a form that holds, irrespective of whether the ions are described kinetically or in the fluid approximation. The paper, published in the top-ranking journal Physics of plasmas, is of great theoretical and practical values for the future. For example, our PhD student Ivona Vasileska started in 2017 a thesis that will map kinetic factors from BIT1 simulations to SOLPS-ITER fluid code, used for all “edge” simulations at ITER.
COBISS.SI-ID: 14168603
The paper presents results obtained within SMITER project that LECAD laboratory developed for ITER organization. The newly developed SMITER code is a new graphical user interface (GUI) framework for power deposition mapping on tokamak plasma-facing components (PFC) in the full 3-D CAD geometry of the machine, taking as input a user-defined specification for parallel heat flux in the scrape-off layer (SOL) and a description of the equilibrium magnetic flux. The software package that LECAD laboratory developed provides CAD model import and integration with the ITER Integrated Modelling and Analysis Suite (IMAS), parametric CAD components catalogue and modelling, CAD de-featuring for PFC surface extraction, meshing, visualization, and several simulation cases in one study running in parallel using message passing interface (MPI). Finite element module allows computation of surface temperatures resulting from the power deposition patterns on 3-D PFCs. The paper presents and discusses key features of this field-line tracing environment, demonstrates benchmarking against existing field-line tracing code and provides specific examples of power deposition mapping in ITER. The code presented in the paper is already being actively employed for the development of simplified real time wall heat flux control algorithms and is expected to play an important role in the production of synthetic diagnostic signals for the testing of ITER systems being prepared for PFC power flux control.
COBISS.SI-ID: 16530203