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Projects / Programmes source: ARIS

Endocrine disrupting and genotoxic potential of protein kinase inhibitors: relevance for environmental hazard in zdravje ljudi

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Research activity

Code Science Field Subfield
1.03.00  Natural sciences and mathematics  Biology   

Code Science Field
B200  Biomedical sciences  Cytology, oncology, cancerology 

Code Science Field
1.06  Natural Sciences  Biological sciences 
Keywords
anticancer drugs; toxicity; endocrine disruptors, genotoxic; QSAR, pharmaceuticals; risk assessment; toxicogenomics; zebrafish;
Evaluation (rules)
source: COBISS
Citations Citations for bibliographic records in COBIB.SI that are linked to records in citation databases
source: WoS source: Scopus source: COBISS
Researchers (21)
no. Code Name and surname Research area Role Period No. of publications
1.  35761  Andreja Eberl  Medical sciences  Researcher  2017 - 2020  83 
2.  22616  PhD Tina Eleršek  Natural sciences and mathematics  Researcher  2017 - 2020  248 
3.  09892  PhD Metka Filipič  Natural sciences and mathematics  Head  2017 - 2020  584 
4.  35432  PhD Darja Gramec Skledar  Natural sciences and mathematics  Researcher  2017 - 2019  36 
5.  36321  PhD Klara Hercog  Natural sciences and mathematics  Junior researcher  2017 - 2020  35 
6.  32036  PhD Martina Hrast Rambaher  Natural sciences and mathematics  Researcher  2017 - 2019  113 
7.  26496  PhD Žiga Jakopin  Natural sciences and mathematics  Researcher  2017 - 2020  189 
8.  39201  PhD Maša Kenda  Natural sciences and mathematics  Junior researcher  2017 - 2020  23 
9.  29297  PhD Katja Kološa  Natural sciences and mathematics  Researcher  2017 - 2020  35 
10.  07802  PhD Tamara Lah Turnšek  Natural sciences and mathematics  Researcher  2019 - 2020  1,012 
11.  34200  PhD Matjaž Novak  Natural sciences and mathematics  Researcher  2017 - 2020  64 
12.  19317  PhD Lucija Peterlin Mašič  Natural sciences and mathematics  Researcher  2017 - 2020  392 
13.  08519  PhD Marija Sollner Dolenc  Natural sciences and mathematics  Researcher  2017 - 2020  635 
14.  24782  Monika Sonc  Medical sciences  Researcher  2017 - 2020  235 
15.  39119  PhD Martina Štampar  Natural sciences and mathematics  Junior researcher  2017 - 2020  79 
16.  32094  PhD Alja Štern  Natural sciences and mathematics  Researcher  2020  60 
17.  28334  PhD Tihomir Tomašić  Natural sciences and mathematics  Researcher  2017 - 2020  350 
18.  37411  PhD Jana Tomc  Natural sciences and mathematics  Junior researcher  2017 - 2018  22 
19.  35763  Igor Virant  Medical sciences  Researcher  2017 - 2020  42 
20.  52377  Taja Zore  Natural sciences and mathematics  Technical associate  2019  13 
21.  20767  PhD Bojana Žegura  Natural sciences and mathematics  Researcher  2017 - 2020  315 
Organisations (3)
no. Code Research organisation City Registration number No. of publications
1.  0105  National Institute of Biology  Ljubljana  5055784  13,066 
2.  0302  Institute of Oncology Ljubljana  Ljubljana  5055733000  14,838 
3.  0787  University of Ljubljana, Faculty of Pharmacy  Ljubljana  1626973  16,889 
Abstract
Potential risks associated with release of pharmaceuticals into the environment are an important issue for environmental regulators and for the pharmaceutical industry. Anticancer drugs, due to their mechanism of action, belong to highly hazardous compounds. Their presence in the environment may lead to systemic environmental effects, while in exposed humans increased cancer incidence and reproductive defects may occur. Protein tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) are a group of anticancer drugs that are designed for targeted therapy of specific types of human cancers. During the last 15 years their consumption is rapidly increasing; however, there is insufficient data on their occurrence, ecotoxicity and potential effects to humans to allow for adequate risk assessment. In the frame of the EU FP7 project CytoThreat we discovered that the TKI imatinib mesilate exerts genotoxic and endocrine disrupting activity that has been not known before. The aims of the proposed project are to evaluate the consumption and predict environmental occurrence of TKIs that are currently registered for cancer therapy in Slovenia and to explore their genotoxic and endocrine disrupting potential. In the first step we will predict genotoxic and endocrine disrupting activity using the state of the art computational methods (QSAR and read across). In the next step in vitro test system with zebrafish liver cell line will be used to elucidate the mechanisms of genotoxicity and E-screen, MDA-kb2 and GH3.TRE–Luc assays to explore the mechanisms of endocrine disrupting activity. The (eco)toxicity of selected TKIs will be finally studied using an experimental model with zebrafish (Danio rerio) embryos, which is increasingly used model also for prediction of toxic effects in humans. In zebrafish embryos we will determine lethal and sublethal effects of the selected TKIs to obtain parameters (lethal concentration (LC)50, no adverse effect concentration (NOAEC)) needed for environmental and human health risk assessment.  In zebrafish embryo model also transcriptomic analysis of the changes in the expression of genes involved in the pathways of DNA damage response, hormone metabolism, cell proliferation, apoptosis, sexual development and function, hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal axis, growth and developmental neurotoxicity will be performed. The aims are to identify linkages between the transcriptomic profiles, concentrations, and adverse outcomes, and to identify molecular biomarkers of exposure and effects of specific group TKIs that will serve as diagnostic markers for these types of pharmaceutical exposure. The project is expected to generate new knowledge on potential environmental and health risk of TKIs in the environment, providing objective arguments for recommendations and regulations concerning environmental and human health protection. To accomplish the complex tasks, the project consortium comprises partners with complementary expertise in the fields of aquatic and genetic toxicology, and genomics with bioinformatics (NIB), toxicology, pharmacology and in silico predictive models (FFA) and environmental occurrence predictions based on consumption and use of these drugs (IO).
Significance for science
Recent studies (Besse et al., 2012, Kummerer et al., 2016) and reports (CytoThreat report) pointed out that TKIs, due to increasing use in cancer therapy as well as the therapy of several other severe chronic diseases such as autoimmune disease, may be a group of pharmaceuticals that should be taken into consideration and assessed for occurrence, ecotoxicity and potential threat for aquatic organisms and human health. In addition increased occurrence of TKIs in the environment is expected also because for certain TKIs, i.e. imatinib mesilate, the pantent protection expired and are already on the market as generics, which are cheaper and therefore accessible to more patients. The project will focus not only on the intrinsic genotoxic and endocrine disrupting properties of these contaminants but also on their effects at concentrations relevant for environmental exposure that may in longterm lead to decline of susceptible populations of aquatic organisms, whereas indirect human exposure to these compounds may lead to severe health disorders particularly in more susceptible populations such as pregnant women and children. In addition the information on the intrinsic genotoxic and endocrine disrupting activities, which has not been systematically studied for TKIs so far will relevant for predicting and understanding potential side effects in treated patients. Through the aim of identifying the endocrine disrupting and genotoxic potency of PKIs and identification of multiple molecular biomarkers for these effects, based on toxicogenomic approaches, which has not been in use or reported so far, the project has the potential to provide diagnostic tools for predicting potential endocrine disrupting and genotoxic effects of such contaminants on ecosystems and human health. The results will contribute to improved risk assessment for human health and ecosystems for TKI pharmaceuticals by providing data on their PEC and toxicological properties and data on key toxicological parameters (LC , NOEC) required in science based risk assessment procedures.
Significance for the country
As residues of pharmaceuticals are currently very “hot” scientific topic it is expected that the results will have significant impact on stakeholders including national and EU regulatory bodies, pharmaceutical industry as well as public. The project contributes to national and EU policies and strategies related to human health and environment protection, i.e. to The European Action Plan on Environment and Health and to Environment and Health Strategy. In Slovenia and EU protection of water resources is of major concern and is supported by Water Framework Directive (2000/60/EC). The implementation of this directive depends on the availability and quality of information available to those in charge for water quality management. The project will support implementation of WFD by providing data on the potential occurrence and effects of TKIs in the aquatic environment. The information from the project will be relevant also to the requirements of Directive on human medicine (2004/27/EC) and may contribute to their eventual revision in the face of improved knowledge. Within the REACH legislation the main contribution of the project results will be to the "development of alternative methods for the assessment of hazards of different (chemical) substances” through identification, evaluation and confirmation of predictive potential of in vitro test systems for long term in vivo effects based on early biological and molecular markers.
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