Projects / Programmes
Geoinformation infrastructure and sustainable spatial development of Slovenia
January 1, 2009
- December 31, 2012
| Code |
Science |
Field |
Subfield |
| 2.17.00 |
Engineering sciences and technologies |
Geodesy |
|
| 5.08.00 |
Social sciences |
Urbanism |
|
| 2.01.00 |
Engineering sciences and technologies |
Civil engineering |
|
| Code |
Science |
Field |
| P515 |
Natural sciences and mathematics |
Geodesy |
| Code |
Science |
Field |
| 2.11 |
Engineering and Technology |
Other engineering and technologies |
geodesy, terrestrial reference systems, geodetic surveying, earth surface displacements and deformations, modern geodetic measuring techniques, geodynamics, cartography, photogrammetry, land cadastre, geographic information systems, spatial and urban planning, land management, rural development, regional development, civil engineering, municipality engineering, education
Researchers (28)
Organisations (1)
Abstract
Spatial data (Geo information) infrastructure is realized by geodetic professional and scientific activities. The base of the spatial data infrastructure is the quality coordinate system. The official coordinate system in Slovenia is unsuitable for today's requirements, so the main task of slovenian geodetic science community is the establishment of the new terrestrial coordinate system. Modern reference systems are realized through the theories, methods and tecnologies of satellite geodesy and terrestrial surveying and with the quality modelling of obtained observations. The Earth is a dynamic planet perpetually changing. Since these changes can be observed, the important role in this resarch is the development of first geo-kinematic models of Slovenian territory.
The Europe, as well Slovenia is in the process of implementation of the (ESRS) European Spatial Reference System, because the quality and interconnection of spatial data became more and more important. Spatial data infrastructure form geodetic service data bases such as: land cadastre and state topographic and cartographic system. Connection of digital land cadastre data and topographic databases aims at improving digital cadastral maps, whereas relative map accuracy as primary legal source is preserved. The results lead to new real estate record, i.e. 3D cadastre of real estates. For the establishement of this record, new standards have to be prepared. This field of profession is covered by different international standards (ISO/DIS, CEN ENV), which however define only the basic parameters that need to be evaluated and improved. Quality measures must be developed for the use in practice.
Improvement of cadastral maps is the primary duty within the EU countries that will improve the security of real estate transactions. The property market enables and facilitates general progress of economy, whereby the provision and harmonization of quality spatial data is the base for property evaluation and for realization of such transactions. The goal is to provide a transparent real estate market and to lessen the property transaction costs. For property transactions one has to develop transparent methods for land evaluation and the compliance with the international standards. Further on land and buildings cadastre, land registry and topographic databases should be integrated. Collateral the cartographic development of topographic data structures will proceed in order to assure their further interoperability and quality that will be harmonized with the adequate EU standards and regulations. Researches in topographic infrastructure include: analyses of user needs and of the existing topographical databases, implementation of Slovenian and European legislation as well as the NATO standards, preparation of required legislation and regulations, spatial data compatibility of the neighbouring countries, modelling of relational and logical topographic data infrastructure models, assurance of data retrieval, preparation of standard digital formats, analyses of data history. 3D cartographic visualisation is still a research topic also in developed countries, because it is much more comprehensive than presentation in 2 D.
Geoinformatics is an important tool for sustainable land use. Data which are describing natural, technical, economic, social conditions, and ecological limitations are needed for planning. In market economies the link between land use planning and real estate property evaluation is important and will be researched. Sustainable comprehensive planning requires cooperation between sectorial planning. Sectorial planning must correspond to the needs of environmental protection and interdisciplinarity. The research program will cover this field. Special attention will be focused on rural planning in Slovenia which has to preserve landscape and maintain ecological balance. Besides, planning the agricultural lands is a permanent research challenge in EU.
Significance for science
The research work was focused in a range of different research areas. In the context of the new national coordinate system of Slovenia the preliminary determination of the horizontal geo-kinematic model of Slovenia is exposed, which contributes to the understanding of geodynamics and seismic hazard of our territory. Here, the procedures for deformation analysis were developed, where we highlight the confirmation, that the probability distribution of the strain and rotation tensor in the geodetic network is not normal, but depends on the geometry of the network and the type and accuracy of the observations. The important contribution in the GNSS processing is the development of an algorithm for GNSS positioning in difficult conditions, based on code pseudo-ranges and Doppler frequency observations, processed by robust statistics concepts. Research of GNSS orbit approximation using artificial neural networks was proven to be successful both for interpolation and extrapolation. For the interpolation we achieved comparable and for the extrapolation better results comparing to traditional methods. These scientific achievements have practical value, since the interpolation expands the scope of GNSS usage indoors, and the extrapolation allows the autonomous usage of quality GNSS orbits for longer time (30 min). An application of using a GNSS receiver, electronic total station and laser scanner was introduced for monitoring movements of the Earth's surface and determination geometry of large machine and building structures. Procedures of artificial intelligence were proven to be useful tool in modelling various impacts on observed quantities. We highlight the introduction of concept of spatial temporal matrices, enabling spatio-temporal analysis of the space. Mass capture and maintenance of topographic data is performed with interpretations of aerial or satellite images. Since the procedure is time consuming, we developed procedures for the automatic detection and extraction of buildings from aerial and satellite imagery and laser scanning data. The original procedure for the automatic building extraction is based on a combination of nonlinear diffusion filtering, unsupervised classification, colour segmentation and region growing and is suitable for building extraction for maps at a scale 1:10 000 or smaller. The results enable greater objectivity in changes in space detection and faster extraction of spatial data. In the fields of spatial data infrastructure and land administration systems the research was not focused only on data and their quality but also on business processes, which should be transparent and effective. Developed process models based on theory of dynamic systems and operational research is of crucial importance for the establishment of effective management of real property evidences and for spatial planning and land management. The research group develops optimizations of process models for land administration and spatial planning, which presents one of the key bottlenecks for better and effective support for decision making in spatial and real property management. Land use studies are of utmost importance for efficient development of urban areas. Besides the development of a methodological approach to a more efficient land use planning, a contribution of the research was the improvement of tools that support decision making and management of urban areas. The study of the potential future regions of Slovenia greatly expanded the previous research methods. It captured spatial, environmental, social, economic, cultural and other aspects in a complex manner. In the complex analysis, some novelties at the European scale were introduced. Through the analysis of accessibility and by taking an inventory of public services, a model of functionally connected entities was developed. Such a scientific approach is a fairly new one in Europe, as by most authors functional regions are determined with respect to commuting.
Significance for the country
We have been facing with a regress of spatial research activities over a decade as there is no systematic support from the institutions which are competent for spatial processes. This research program is one of the few continuing investigations in the field of spatial research activities in Slovenia. It is an important environment for creation and acknowledgement new awareness in the field of geodesy and spatial researches in Slovenia. Nowadays the spatial data infrastructure is the subject of politics and principles in Europe, which manage data availability and use, costs of services, balance of financial support and financing, quality of management and human resources development (Directive INSPIRE). These principles have to be followed also by Slovenia, although not so well prepared for their implementation. However, social and economic development in Slovenia demands an equal level of services as in other EU countries. As the consequence, profession from the field of spatial sciences are meeting with different challenges in Slovenia. In the field of spatial data quality assurance, the Slovenian main priority is establishment of quality state coordinate system. Research work in this field is performed in the framework of this research program, its practical implementation is realized by Surveying and Mapping Authorities (GURS). The horizontal coordinate system is realized at the level of operative use, which enables partly interconnection of different spatial data sets in the uniform reference frame, for which the concept of local unification was elaborated. Research in the field of massive topographic data acquisition will enable faster and efficient maintenance of topographic records and visualization for allocation of buildings in the space. The weak maintenance of topographic records in the past led to numerous unconnected records, which increases costs and weak interoperability of data sets. We accepted the challenge of procedures development for automated building extraction from different sources. Important parts of spatial data infrastructure are data from the land administration system, which encompasses the whole system for maintenance and support of land transactions, spatial policy, land and tax policy, and other activities referred to the land. Here, the institutional framework of land administration was studied in order to improve the situation in this field – also from the perspective of data quality assurance and improvement of terms for constructions, agricultural production and rural development. In the field of real property legislation we developed the supporting system for decision making for updating the legislation, which is based on modelling of processes and their presentation by diagrams – models for Slovenian and foreign legislation were developed as the base for international comparison. Studies of functional regions are of state importance, since there are activities going on for establishment of administrative regions. With our research we have contributed a lot to this topic, in particular with the studies of functional-spatial characteristics. Based on our research work from the past we studied the gravity areas of the local communities to the regional centers. While previous studies had been based mainly on accessibility factor to the working places and public services, developed models in the framework of the research program consider also factors of climate changes, environmental footprints of regional projects, migrations etc. The results in the fields of spatial planning, land management and spatial planning will contribute to the reduction of risks of incorrect decisions regarding the planned land use, improvement of land management, transparent decisions in the process of land development, development of real property market, decreasing of conflicts between public and private sectors, and to transparent financial relations in the field of public infrastructure.
Most important scientific results
Annual report
2009,
2010,
2011,
final report,
complete report on dLib.si
Most important socioeconomically and culturally relevant results
Annual report
2009,
2010,
2011,
final report,
complete report on dLib.si
